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Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues weaken, allowing one or more pelvic organs—such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum—to drop from their normal position and bulge into or out of the vaginal canal.
Common symptoms
A visible or feelable bulge or lump at or beyond the vaginal opening
Sensation of pelvic heaviness, pressure, or dragging
Urinary issues including leaking, frequency, or difficulty emptying the bladder
Bowel changes such as constipation or needing to use fingers to support the vaginal wall to pass stool (splinting)
Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse
A sensation akin to a tampon falling out or sitting incorrectly
Lower back pain that improves when lying down
Possible causes
Pregnancy and vaginal childbirth, especially multiple or instrument-assisted deliveries
Aging and menopause due to declining estrogen levels which weaken pelvic tissues
Chronic straining from long-term constipation
Ongoing heavy lifting or high-impact physical activity
Persistent coughing from conditions like COPD or smoking
Previous pelvic surgeries, such as a hysterectomy
Obesity, which increases intra-abdominal pressure
Genetic predisposition or connective tissue disorders
Medical treatment
Pelvic floor muscle training (Kegel exercises) to strengthen support
Vaginal pessaries, which are removable devices inserted to support the organs
Lifestyle modifications including weight loss and management of chronic cough/constipation
Vaginal estrogen therapy to improve tissue strength in postmenopausal women
Surgical repair to lift and support organs (e.g., colporrhaphy or ligament fixation)
Hysterectomy in certain cases of uterine prolapse
Ayurvedic perspective
Pelvic organ prolapse is described within the 20 'Yonivyapad' (gynecological disorders) in classical texts such as the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita. It is primarily understood as a 'Vatala' condition caused by the vitiation of Vata Dosha, specifically 'Apana Vayu,' which is responsible for the stability and downward movements in the pelvic region. When Apana Vayu is disturbed due to 'Dukha Prasava' (difficult labor), 'Mithyachara' (improper lifestyle), or aging, it leads to 'Sramsa' (displacement) and 'Saithilya' (laxity) of the supporting structures. Classical stages include 'Prasramsini' (1st and 2nd degree descent characterized by irritation and discharge) and 'Mahayoni' (3rd and 4th degree or procidentia involving excessive dilation and protrusion).
Ayurvedic dietary guidelines
Include nourishing 'Balya' foods like Ghee, sesame seeds, and almonds
Prioritize warm, cooked, and moist meals to pacify Vata
Avoid excessively dry, cold, or astringent foods that aggravate Vata
Consume milk and dates to support 'Mamsa' (muscle) and 'Ojas' (vitality)
