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Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It causes flu-like symptoms and a rash that can take weeks to clear. While usually mild, it can be severe in some individuals, particularly infants, young children, pregnant people, and those with weakened immune systems. Mpox is endemic in parts of Central and West Africa, but outbreaks have occurred globally.
Common symptoms
Rash, skin ulcers, blisters, or pimple-like lesions (can be painful and appear on face, mouth, throat, hands, feet, genitals, anus, or other body parts)
Fever
Headache
Muscle aches
Back pain
Swollen lymph nodes (glands)
Chills/shivering
Fatigue/exhaustion/low energy
Sore throat
Rectal pain (proctitis)
Joint pain
Possible causes
Direct contact with mpox sores, scabs, or rashes from an infected person or animal
Contact with saliva, respiratory secretions (mucus), blood, or other bodily fluids from an infected person or animal
Close, intimate contact, including sexual contact, cuddling, or kissing
Contact with contaminated materials like clothing, bedding, and towels used by an infected person or animal
Vertical transmission from a pregnant person to the fetus or newborn
Bites or scratches from an infected animal
Eating or preparing meat from an infected animal that is not thoroughly cooked
Extended face-to-face contact, through coughing or sneezing (less common)
Exposure to the monkeypox virus (MPXV)
Medical treatment
Supportive care to relieve symptoms, including wound care and pain control with medications like paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen
Treating bacterial superinfections with antibiotics
Maintaining hydration and nutrition
Antiviral medicines for severe cases or individuals at higher risk of severe disease (e.g., those with weakened immune systems, pregnant individuals, or young children); however, there are no FDA-approved treatments specifically for mpox, but FDA-regulated medications may help
Ayurvedic perspective
Mpox, a viral zoonotic disease, is understood in Ayurveda as a type of 'Sankramaka Roga' (contagious disease). Its symptoms, which include fever, rash, and body aches, are often related to classical Ayurvedic conditions such as 'Masurika' (resembling smallpox), 'Brihat Masurika', 'Shitala', 'Sannipatika Jwara', and 'Pidakajanya Jwara'. The Ayurvedic perspective emphasizes a holistic approach to prevention and strengthening immunity, focusing on balancing the body's vital energies, or doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Viral infections like Mpox are commonly linked to the aggravation of Pitta and Rakta (blood) doshas, leading to inflammation, skin eruptions, fever, and fatigue. Skin disorders in general are attributed to the accumulation of 'ama' (toxins) and an imbalance of doshas. Ayurveda aims to balance these doshas, remove toxins, and enhance 'Ojas' (the body's vital energy and protective shield against infections). Panchakarma therapies like Virechana (purgation) and Nasya (nasal administration) are also mentioned for detoxification and balancing doshas under expert guidance.
Ayurvedic dietary guidelines
Consume warm water frequently and stay hydrated.
Prefer lentil soup, particularly green gram soup or khichdi.
Eat warm, freshly prepared, and easily digestible food.
Avoid excessively hot, spicy, and oily foods.
Avoid smoking, liquor, and carbonated beverages.
Include buttermilk, cucumber, plantain fruit, gruel, and palm sugar candy.
Incorporate anti-inflammatory fruits and vegetables such as onions, avocados, turmeric, ginger, kale, berries, pineapple, and tomatoes.
Consume foods high in antioxidants (Vitamins C and E), including spinach, amla, papaya, guava, kiwi, sunflower seeds, almonds, and pumpkin.
Drink green tea with lemon and ginger twice daily.
Consume probiotic foods.
Include omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods like salmon, tuna, mackerel, almonds, soybean oil, and flaxseed oil.
Prioritize bitter flavors to aid in detoxifying the liver and skin.
Avoid cold drinks and foods that increase Kapha.
For Pitta fevers, consume musk melon, sweet lime (mausumbi), and lemon water with sugar.
For Kapha fevers, drink warm water and fluids, and a kadha made from tulsi, ginger, and pepper, while avoiding Kapha aggravating foods such as curd and ghee.
Strengthen the immune system and boost 'Ojas' (vital energy).
Detoxify the body regularly.
Practice 'Nidaan Parivarjanam' (avoiding causative factors).
Ensure adequate rest to support the body's healing process.
Manage stress through practices like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises.
Engage in daily yoga postures such as Uttanasana, Trikonasana, Bhujangasana, Janu Sirsasana, and Viparita Karani.
Follow a 'Dinacharya' (daily routine) including early rising, oil pulling (swishing sesame or coconut oil in mouth), and nasal cleansing with a neti pot.
Ensure 7-8 hours of quality sleep for optimal immune function.
Consider 'Svedana' (Sweating Therapy) through steam baths or warm compresses to eliminate toxins.
Avoid a sedentary lifestyle and incorporate short naps, walks, or body movements during prolonged sitting.
Maintain proper skincare and drink sufficient water for healthy skin.
