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Bowel polyps are small clumps of cells that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While the majority of polyps are harmless and noncancerous (benign), certain types—particularly adenomatous and serrated polyps—can progress into colorectal cancer over many years. Because polyps often do not cause noticeable symptoms, they are typically identified and removed during routine colorectal cancer screenings to prevent malignancy.
Common symptoms
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
Changes in stool color (black, tarry, or bright red streaks)
Persistent changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea or constipation lasting longer than one week
Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating
Iron deficiency anemia due to chronic, microscopic blood loss
Unexplained fatigue or shortness of breath
Increased mucus in the stool
Possible causes
Genetic mutations leading to abnormal cell growth in the colon lining
Advancing age, with significantly increased risk after age 45 to 50
Family history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer
Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's disease
Lifestyle factors including obesity, sedentary behavior, and smoking
Heavy alcohol consumption
Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
Inherited genetic syndromes such as Lynch syndrome or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
Medical treatment
Polypectomy (surgical removal during a colonoscopy using wire snares or forceps)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) for larger or flat polyps
Minimally invasive laparoscopic or robotic surgery for complex or very large polyps
Regular surveillance colonoscopies to monitor for new growth and recurrence
Ayurvedic perspective
In Ayurveda, bowel polyps are conceptualized as Mamsa Arbuda (fleshy growths) or a specific manifestation of Arsha (pedunculated growths) occurring within the Purishavaha Srotas (large intestine). According to classical texts like Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, these growths arise from Mandagni (weak digestive fire) which leads to the formation of Ama (metabolic toxins). These toxins infiltrate the Mamsa (muscle) and Medas (fat) tissues, causing localized cell proliferation. Clinical journals like AYU and J-AIM highlight the correlation between chronic inflammatory states (Pitta-Vata imbalance) and the development of these extra-anatomical growths, emphasizing the need for Agni Deepana (digestive stimulation) and Lekhana (scraping) therapies.
Ayurvedic dietary guidelines
Strict consumption of Takra (buttermilk) processed with cumin and black salt to improve intestinal flora.
Include Laghu (light) and Shali (old rice) or Yava (barley) in the daily diet.
Avoid Guru (heavy), Abhishyandi (clogging), and Vidahi (burning) foods like curd, refined flour, and fermented products.
Incorporate Bitter Gourd (Karavellaka) and Pointed Gourd (Patola) to reduce Kapha and cleanse the colon.
Warm water consumption throughout the day to support Vata-Anulomana (downward movement of Vata).
Ayurvedic medicinal herbs
Kanchanar (Bauhinia variegata) — Classical Ayurvedic medicinal herb
